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Literacy in Islam – Part 4

Islam is a religion that is concerned with literacy. When the Qurโ€™an was revealed, the first word was `iqraโ€™ โ€“ read, learn, and understand. In a cave, on the outskirts of the Holy city of Makkah, the angel Jibra`il ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… squeezed Prophet Muhammadโ€™s ๏ทบchest and demanded that he should read. Unable to read or write, the Prophet ๏ทบ replied, โ€œI cannot read.โ€

ุญูŽุชู‘ูŽู‰ ุฌูŽุงุกูŽู‡ู ุงู„ู’ุญูŽู‚ู‘ู ูˆูŽู‡ููˆูŽ ูููŠ ุบูŽุงุฑู ุญูุฑูŽุงุกูุŒ ููŽุฌูŽุงุกูŽู‡ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽู„ูŽูƒู ููŽู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุงู‚ู’ุฑูŽุฃู’โ€.โ€ ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ โ€”โ€ ู…ูŽุง ุฃูŽู†ูŽุง ุจูู‚ูŽุงุฑูุฆู โ€”โ€โ€.โ€ ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ โ€”โ€ ููŽุฃูŽุฎูŽุฐูŽู†ููŠ ููŽุบูŽุทู‘ูŽู†ููŠ ุญูŽุชู‘ูŽู‰ ุจูŽู„ูŽุบูŽ ู…ูู†ู‘ููŠ ุงู„ู’ุฌูŽู‡ู’ุฏูŽุŒ ุซูู…ู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽุฑู’ุณูŽู„ูŽู†ููŠ ููŽู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุงู‚ู’ุฑูŽุฃู’โ€.โ€ ู‚ูู„ู’ุชู ู…ูŽุง ุฃูŽู†ูŽุง ุจูู‚ูŽุงุฑูุฆูโ€.โ€ ููŽุฃูŽุฎูŽุฐูŽู†ููŠ ููŽุบูŽุทู‘ูŽู†ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‘ูŽุงู†ููŠูŽุฉูŽ ุญูŽุชู‘ูŽู‰ ุจูŽู„ูŽุบูŽ ู…ูู†ู‘ููŠ ุงู„ู’ุฌูŽู‡ู’ุฏูŽุŒ ุซูู…ู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽุฑู’ุณูŽู„ูŽู†ููŠ ููŽู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุงู‚ู’ุฑูŽุฃู’โ€.โ€ ููŽู‚ูู„ู’ุชู ู…ูŽุง ุฃูŽู†ูŽุง ุจูู‚ูŽุงุฑูุฆูโ€.โ€ ููŽุฃูŽุฎูŽุฐูŽู†ููŠ ููŽุบูŽุทู‘ูŽู†ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‘ูŽุงู„ูุซูŽุฉูŽุŒ ุซูู…ู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽุฑู’ุณูŽู„ูŽู†ููŠ ููŽู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ โ€{โ€ุงู‚ู’ุฑูŽุฃู’ ุจูุงุณู’ู…ู ุฑูŽุจู‘ููƒูŽ ุงู„ู‘ูŽุฐููŠ ุฎูŽู„ูŽู‚ูŽ * ุฎูŽู„ูŽู‚ูŽ ุงู„ุฅูู†ู’ุณูŽุงู†ูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‚ู * ุงู‚ู’ุฑูŽุฃู’ ูˆูŽุฑูŽุจู‘ููƒูŽ ุงู„ุฃูŽูƒู’ุฑูŽู…ูโ€}โ€ โ€”

Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists). He has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, Who has taught by the pen, He has taught man that which he knew not. [Al-`Alaq 96:1-5]

Prophet Muhammad ๏ทบ never learned to read or write but he did understand the importance of literacy. Although the majority of Arabs at the time were illiterate, they possessed a powerful and eloquent love of words. Arabs were masters of the spoken word โ€“ poetry, storytelling, and memorizing genealogies. Encouraging literacy was a natural progression.

From the earliest days of Islam, the Prophetโ€™s ๏ทบ companions (RA) began to write down the words of the Qurโ€™an. They were written on bark, bone, animal skin, and even stones. This ushered in a new era of literacy.

Many of the first Muslims were poor, without position or prestige in Makkan society, or were slaves. Islam offered them a chance of equality and respect. Prophet Muhammad ๏ทบ wisely understood that his new nation would have a better chance of surviving, and thriving, if its followers were literate and well educated.

After the battle of Badr, the first battle against the Makkan oppressors, the fledgling Muslim army took seventy prisoners. Prophet Muhammad ๏ทบ knew that most of the prisoners were literate and he offered freedom to those who taught ten Muslims to read and write.

The new Muslims began to understand the importance of implementing Qurโ€™anโ€™s guidance into their lives. Then, just as now, literacy allowed the believers to look at the world around them and to contemplate the wonders of creation, and the magnificence of The Creator.

In his traditions that were painstakingly recorded by Muslim scholars, Prophet Muhammad ๏ทบ encouraged his followers to seek knowledge. He said that if someone followed a path in pursuit of knowledge, Allah would make his path to Paradise easy.

The pursuit of knowledge is important in Islam. Prophet Muhammad ๏ทบ encouraged his followers to attend learning classes, and he sent teachers of Qurโ€™an to the outlying tribes and far away cities. He sat with his followers and taught them the principles of Islam.

Islam holds knowledge, education, literacy, and intellectual pursuits in high regard. Throughout Islamic history, there are countless instances of the establishment of schools, universities, libraries and think tanks. Muslims established theories of education, wrote curriculums, pursued literature and art, and took the concept of seeking knowledge to new heights.

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