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Warning against ill-treatment of Slaves

Last week we had some very interesting discussions regarding slaves and because there are still some points left, we will discuss them this week.

On Friday we discussed the importance of treating slaves correctly with honour and dignity.

At the same time we should understand that just like every human has his dignity and abusing that right warrants punishment and chastisement, so, in the same way a slave also has his dignity and abusing that right is regarded as sinful in the Divine Court of Allah.

So, today we take a look at some of the warnings against abusing the rights of slaves.

Last words of Prophet Muhammedย ๏ทบ

Narrated by Ali Ibn Abu Talib RA:

ุงู„ุตู‘ูŽู„ุงูŽุฉูŽ ุงู„ุตู‘ูŽู„ุงูŽุฉูŽ ูˆู…ุง ู…ูŽู„ูŽูƒูŽุชู’ ุฃูŽูŠู’ู…ูŽุงู†ููƒูู…ู’

The last words before his death the Messenger of Allahย ๏ทบย spoke were: Prayer, prayer; fear Allah about those whom your right hands possess (ie, slaves under you). [Abu Dawud โ€“ 5156]

Prohibiting others from hitting slaves

Abu Mas’ud al-Ansari RA reported:

ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุฃูŽุจููˆ ู…ูŽุณู’ุนููˆุฏู ุงู„ู’ุจูŽุฏู’ุฑููŠู‘ู ูƒูู†ู’ุชู ุฃูŽุถู’ุฑูุจู ุบูู„ุงูŽู…ู‹ุง ู„ููŠ ุจูุงู„ุณู‘ูŽูˆู’ุทู ููŽุณูŽู…ูุนู’ุชู ุตูŽูˆู’ุชู‹ุง ู…ูู†ู’ ุฎูŽู„ู’ูููŠ ุงุนู’ู„ูŽู…ู’ ุฃูŽุจูŽุง ู…ูŽุณู’ุนููˆุฏูโ€.โ€ ููŽู„ูŽู…ู’ ุฃูŽูู’ู‡ูŽู…ู ุงู„ุตู‘ูŽูˆู’ุชูŽ ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุบูŽุถูŽุจู – ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ – ููŽู„ูŽู…ู‘ูŽุง ุฏูŽู†ูŽุง ู…ูู†ู‘ููŠ ุฅูุฐูŽุง ู‡ููˆูŽ ุฑูŽุณููˆู„ู ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ููŽุฅูุฐูŽุง ู‡ููˆูŽ ูŠูŽู‚ููˆู„ู โ€ ุงุนู’ู„ูŽู…ู’ ุฃูŽุจูŽุง ู…ูŽุณู’ุนููˆุฏู ุงุนู’ู„ูŽู…ู’ ุฃูŽุจูŽุง ู…ูŽุณู’ุนููˆุฏูโ€ โ€.โ€ ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ููŽุฃูŽู„ู’ู‚ูŽูŠู’ุชู ุงู„ุณู‘ูŽูˆู’ุทูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ ูŠูŽุฏููŠ ููŽู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุงุนู’ู„ูŽู…ู’ ุฃูŽุจูŽุง ู…ูŽุณู’ุนููˆุฏู ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ูŽ ุฃูŽู‚ู’ุฏูŽุฑู ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ูƒูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ูƒูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ู‡ูŽุฐูŽุง ุงู„ู’ุบูู„ุงูŽู…ู.โ€ ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ููŽู‚ูู„ู’ุชู ู„ุงูŽ ุฃูŽุถู’ุฑูุจู ู…ูŽู…ู’ู„ููˆูƒู‹ุง ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽู‡ู ุฃูŽุจูŽุฏู‹ุง

I was beating my slave with a whip when I heard a voice behind me: Understand, Abu Masud; but I did not recognise the voice due to intense anger. He (Abu Mas’ud) reported: As he came near me (I found) that he was the Messenger of Allah (๏ทบ) and he was saying: Bear in mind, Abu Mas’ud; bear in mind. Abu Mas’ud. He said: I threw the whip from my hand. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Bear in mind, Abu Mas’ud; verily Allah has more dominance upon you than you have upon your slave. I (then) said: I would never beat my servant in future.

In fact, in another narration it is mentioned:

When I was beating my servant, I heard a voice behind me (saying): Abu Mas’ud, bear in mind Allah has more dominance over you than you have upon him. I turned and (found him) to be Allah’s Messenger (๏ทบ). I said: Allah’s Messenger, I set him free for the sake of Allah. Thereupon he said: Had you not done that, (the gates of) Hell would have opened for you, or the fire would have burnt you. [Muslim โ€“ 1659]

It was narrated that ‘Aishah RA said:

ุนูŽู†ู’ ุนูŽุงุฆูุดูŽุฉูŽุŒ ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽุชู’ ู…ูŽุง ุถูŽุฑูŽุจูŽ ุฑูŽุณููˆู„ู ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ู€ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ู€ ุฎูŽุงุฏูู…ู‹ุง ู„ูŽู‡ู ูˆูŽู„ุงูŽ ุงู…ู’ุฑูŽุฃูŽุฉู‹ ูˆูŽู„ุงูŽ ุถูŽุฑูŽุจูŽ ุจููŠูŽุฏูู‡ู ุดูŽูŠู’ุฆู‹ุง

“The Messenger of Allah never beat any of his servants, or wives, and his hand never hit anything.”ย ย [Ibn Majah โ€“ 1984]

Expiation of freeing slave for those who slap or beat them

Zadhan Abi Umar R reported:

ุนูŽู†ู’ ุฒูŽุงุฐูŽุงู†ูŽ ุฃูŽุจููŠ ุนูู…ูŽุฑูŽ ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุฃูŽุชูŽูŠู’ุชู ุงุจู’ู†ูŽ ุนูู…ูŽุฑูŽ ูˆูŽู‚ูŽุฏู’ ุฃูŽุนู’ุชูŽู‚ูŽ ู…ูŽู…ู’ู„ููˆูƒู‹ุง – ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ – ููŽุฃูŽุฎูŽุฐูŽ ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ุฃูŽุฑู’ุถู ุนููˆุฏู‹ุง ุฃูŽูˆู’ ุดูŽูŠู’ุฆู‹ุง ููŽู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ู…ูŽุง ูููŠู‡ู ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ุฃูŽุฌู’ุฑู ู…ูŽุง ูŠูŽุณู’ูˆูŽู‰ ู‡ูŽุฐูŽุง ุฅูู„ุงู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ููŠ ุณูŽู…ูุนู’ุชู ุฑูŽุณููˆู„ูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูŠูŽู‚ููˆู„ูโ€ ู…ูŽู†ู’ ู„ูŽุทูŽู…ูŽ ู…ูŽู…ู’ู„ููˆูƒูŽู‡ู ุฃูŽูˆู’ ุถูŽุฑูŽุจูŽู‡ู ููŽูƒูŽูู‘ูŽุงุฑูŽุชูู‡ู ุฃูŽู†ู’ ูŠูุนู’ุชูู‚ูŽู‡ู

I came to Ibn ‘Umar RA as he had granted freedom to a slave. He (the narrator further) said: He took hold of a wood or something like it from the earth and said: It (freedom of a slave) has not the reward Evert equal to it, but the fact that I heard Allah’s Messenger (way peace be upon him) say: He who slaps his slave or beats him, the expiation for it is that he should set him free. [Muslim โ€“ 1657]

Usage of correct words for Slaves

Abu Huraira RA reported Allah’s Messenger (๏ทบ) as saying:

ู„ุงูŽ ูŠูŽู‚ููˆู„ูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽุญูŽุฏููƒูู…ู’ ุนูŽุจู’ุฏููŠ ูˆูŽุฃูŽู…ูŽุชููŠ โ€.โ€ ูƒูู„ู‘ููƒูู…ู’ ุนูŽุจููŠุฏู ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ูˆูŽูƒูู„ู‘ู ู†ูุณูŽุงุฆููƒูู…ู’ ุฅูู…ูŽุงุกู ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ูˆูŽู„ูŽูƒูู†ู’ ู„ููŠูŽู‚ูู„ู’ ุบูู„ุงูŽู…ููŠ ูˆูŽุฌูŽุงุฑููŠูŽุชููŠ ูˆูŽููŽุชูŽุงู‰ูŽ ูˆูŽููŽุชูŽุงุชููŠ

None of you should say: My bondsman and my slave-girl, for all of you are the bondsmen of Allah, and all your women are the slave-girls of Allah; but say: My servant, my girl, and my young man and my young girl. [Muslim โ€“ 2249]

Prohibition of cursing them

Jabir Bin Abdullah RA reported the Messenger of Allah (๏ทบ) as saying:

ู„ุงูŽ ุชูŽุฏู’ุนููˆุง ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุฃูŽู†ู’ููุณููƒูู…ู’ ูˆูŽู„ุงูŽ ุชูŽุฏู’ุนููˆุง ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุฃูŽูˆู’ู„ุงูŽุฏููƒูู…ู’ ูˆูŽู„ุงูŽ ุชูŽุฏู’ุนููˆุง ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุฎูŽุฏูŽู…ููƒูู…ู’ ูˆูŽู„ุงูŽ ุชูŽุฏู’ุนููˆุง ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุฃูŽู…ู’ูˆูŽุงู„ููƒูู…ู’ ู„ุงูŽ ุชููˆูŽุงููู‚ููˆุง ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุชูŽุจูŽุงุฑูŽูƒูŽ ูˆูŽุชูŽุนูŽุงู„ูŽู‰ ุณูŽุงุนูŽุฉูŽ ู†ูŽูŠู’ู„ู ูููŠู‡ูŽุง ุนูŽุทูŽุงุกูŒ ููŽูŠูŽุณู’ุชูŽุฌููŠุจูŽ ู„ูŽูƒูู…ู’

Do not invoke curse on yourselves, and do not invoke curse on your children, and do not invoke curse on your servants, and do not invoke curse on your property, lest you happen to do it at a time when Allah is asked for something and grants your request. [Abu Dawud โ€“ 1532]

Encouragement on forgiveness

ุฌูŽุงุกูŽ ุฑูŽุฌูู„ูŒ ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุจููŠู‘ู ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ููŽู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ูŠูŽุง ุฑูŽุณููˆู„ูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ูƒูŽู…ู’ ู†ูŽุนู’ูููˆ ุนูŽู†ู ุงู„ู’ุฎูŽุงุฏูู…ู ููŽุตูŽู…ูŽุชูŽ ุซูู…ู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽุนูŽุงุฏูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ุงู„ู’ูƒูŽู„ุงูŽู…ูŽ ููŽุตูŽู…ูŽุชูŽ ููŽู„ูŽู…ู‘ูŽุง ูƒูŽุงู†ูŽ ูููŠ ุงู„ุซู‘ูŽุงู„ูุซูŽุฉู ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุงุนู’ูููˆุง ุนูŽู†ู’ู‡ู ูููŠ ูƒูู„ู‘ู ูŠูŽูˆู’ู…ู ุณูŽุจู’ุนููŠู†ูŽ ู…ูŽุฑู‘ูŽุฉู‹

A man came to the Prophet (๏ทบ) and asked: Messenger of Allah! How often shall I forgive a servant? He gave no reply, so the man repeated what he had said, but he still kept silence. When he asked a third time, heย ๏ทบย replied: Forgive him seventy times daily. [Abu Dawud โ€“ 5164]

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